Estudo comparativo entre diferentes modelos de operação logística ferroviária: aplicabilidade no mercado brasileiro

Abstract

Among all the means of land transport of freight and passengers, the rail mode stands out mainly for long distances and high volume of cargoes. Therefore, it shows itself as the ideal solution for the transport matrix of a country with continental dimensions, high production of agricultural commodities and minerals like Brazil. However, the participation of this modal in the Brazilian transport matrix is still below its potential. Due to the high complexity of the subject, this work does not propose to exhaust the theme, but seeks to investigate the reality of the Brazilian railroad, evaluating the history of the railways, the influence of the government, the bottlenecks, the question of legal security and attractiveness of investments. The central theme of this study is the comparison between the models of vertical and horizontal concession (open-access), evaluating its characteristics based on the opinion of scholars and executives of the main concessionaires. Limited, therefore the theoretical evaluations, based on data provided by companies and government agencies, as well as scientific papers published in periodicals and books. Finally, it evaluates that the choice of a concession model depends on several factors that will need to be evaluated jointly by concessionaires, population and government in the future discussions, necessary for the evolution and growth of the railroad modal and of Brazil.